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13th CeMM S.M.A.R.T. Lecture with Ivan Krastev

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Ivan Krastev at the 13th CeMM S.M.A.R.T. Lecture (© Franzi Kreis / CeMM).

Rapid demographic changes are a central cause of the societal and political phenomena of our time, leaving “the world in pieces.” This key argument was compellingly elaborated by Ivan Krastev, Chairman of the Centre for Liberal Strategies in Sofia and Permanent Fellow at the Institute for Human Sciences (IWM) in Vienna, at the 13th CeMM S.M.A.R.T. Lecture held on 30 October 2024.

Before a packed audience, Krastev explored the complex interplay between demographic challenges, migration, and populist politics, particularly in Eastern Europe. He argued that many European nations are facing shrinking populations due to low birth rates and emigration, fueling the rise of right-wing populism. While Europe's aging population requires migrant labor to sustain welfare systems, there is strong public resistance to open borders. This creates a paradox where migration is economically necessary but politically contentious.

This phenomenon is not restricted to Europe: growing fears of demographic change have led to political instability and distrust in democratic processes worldwide, as seen in the U.S. with the rise of radical “Trumpism.” This trend has also led populist leaders to attempt to "select" a favorable populace by adjusting citizenship laws and encouraging certain demographics to vote. Such manipulation, often reflected in anti-migrant policies, stands in stark contrast to democratic ideals and serves to consolidate political power.

On the other hand, Krastev claimed that demographics are increasingly driving conflicts, such as Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. He argued that Putin’s strategy includes capturing Ukrainian territories and “Russifying” Ukrainians, including the forced transfer of children to Russia, as a means to repair Russia's massive demographic losses caused by wars and political upheavals in the 20th century.

Krastev concluded that questions of national identity, culture, and citizenship will be crucial to Europe's future. Redefining what constitutes a nation and culture may be essential in addressing Europe’s internal divisions. "Don’t pretend there is no problem," he advised his predominantly young audience in closing. "But don’t panic."

Our heartfelt thanks go to Ivan Krastev for this truly special SMART lecture, which sparked a lively discussion among the audience that lasted late into the evening and continues to resonate with many of us.

About the CeMM S.M.A.R.T. Lecture series

The S.M.A.R.T. Lecture series, an initiative launched by CeMM, is dedicated to addressing current scientific challenges at the intersection of science and society. These lectures foster an interdisciplinary discourse, encouraging researchers to expand their horizons beyond their own fields and engage in meaningful dialogues with a wider audience. From science and medicine to art, research, and technology, the S.M.A.R.T. Lectures cover a diverse range of topics, promoting knowledge sharing and collaboration.